甘肅毒當歸疑流入香港 熏硫磺噴劇毒農藥 激素催熟藥效大減

(明報)2011年3月20日 星期日 05:05
【明報專訊】有補血功效的當歸向來獲廣泛使用，但內地傳媒揭發，佔全國產量四分之一、被視為「甲天下」的甘肅    岷縣當歸，大部分都是以激素「催熟」，其間又會反覆噴灑劇毒農藥，長成後還會用硫磺反覆熏蒸，所產生的二氧化硫    可以致命。這些「金玉其外」的毒當歸，不少已流入閩粵甚至香港，成為大家的「煲湯藥料」。本港衛生署    昨表示，會了解受影響的毒當歸曾否進口香港。

關之義﹕含農藥味刺鼻

中醫師公會會長關之義表示，大部分香港的當歸來自陝西    ，故亦稱「西歸」，只有小部分來自甘肅，本港售價約為數十元一両，視乎級數而定。他指出，含有毒農藥的當歸，味道會較刺鼻，品質好的當歸則帶甜甜的甘香氣味，兩者外表和顏色非常相似，假如一般市民擔心難辨真偽，應光臨相熟和有信譽的中醫師及分銷商。

當歸素有「婦科人參」之稱，常被用作食補藥材。而在甘肅岷縣出產的當歸，由於地道、優質，千多年前已被列為貢品，故有「岷歸甲天下」之說。目前當地有10萬畝當歸田，面積居全國第一，每年2萬噸的產量也接近全國的四分之一。

但3月初有網民在微博上爆料，指岷縣的當歸含毒。廣州《南方周末》近日的調查報道指出，岷縣的藥農開始大量使用一種叫「壯根靈」的激素，把原來5年的生產周期縮短到1至2年。不過，據《中國現代中藥》雜誌主編趙潤懷指出，壯根靈對道地藥材的破壞是毁滅性的，催熟的藥材會令中醫藥方失靈，「以前方劑寫的三錢、五錢」，一旦使用了壯根靈催熟的藥材，同樣的分量「不一定有用了」。

而為了殺滅害蟲，藥農又向當歸噴施一種稱為「甲拌磷」的農藥，這種農藥殘留期長，直接威脅藥品安全，只被准許用於棉花等的種子處理。

打濕熏硫增重量 切片泛白美觀

報道稱，岷縣藥農把長成後的當歸清理晾乾後，普遍每隔幾天用高溫蒸發的硫磺為當歸「熏硫」一次。經過熏硫後的當歸，切片後表皮泛白，外觀好看，是港粵地區最受歡迎的產品。熏硫更是增加當歸重量的方法，不法商販把藥材打濕後再熏，能使水分增加至近70％，重量大大增加。

甘肅農業大學農學院藥用植物系主任陳垣指出，把當歸打濕熏硫危害極大，熏硫產生的二氧化硫和水分結合，會變成亞硫酸。他說，微量熏蒸的當歸，亞硫酸含量一般為20個ppm（百萬分比濃度），但此前他檢測過量熏蒸的藥材時，甚至測出了3000到4000ppm的含量。

長期接觸二氧化硫損肝腎

長期接觸二氧化硫對人體的呼吸道黏膜、肝腎功能、消化道黏膜有嚴重損害，最嚴重可令咽喉、支氣管痙攣、肺水腫致死。報道稱，岷縣一些當歸經熏硫、切片後，被運往安徽亳州的藥材市場散至各地，最終送進粵閩等地人民口中。
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